OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.

　　Thisnegotiationhasgonethrough35roundsofnegotiationsandlastedformorethan7years.Thenegotiationwasoncestalledandacceleratedinthepastoneandahalfyears.Thenegotiationwasfinallycompletedattheendof2020,whichisalsoaftertheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnershipAgreement(RCEP).,Chinahascompletedanothermajoropening-upmeasure,whichisanothersignificantvictoryofmultilateralisminthecourseofyearsofanti-globalization.

　　So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?

　　1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?

　　Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?

　　ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.

　　2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?

　　Accordingtorelevantinformation,theChina-EUInvestmentAgreementwilllockintheexistingChineseinvestmentmarketaccessrightsinEurope,whileensuringtheopeningofsensitiveareassuchasenergy,agriculture,fishery,audio-visual,andpublicservicesinEurope.Inaddition,accordingtothe"GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices"(GATS),theEUwillopenuptheserviceindustrytoalargeextent.

　　FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.

　　However,fromtheperspectiveofstainlesssteelcompanies,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingoutandestablishingplantsintheEUisslim.DuetotherelativelylargeaccumulationofscrapsteelinEurope,Chinesestainlesssteelmillsmayenjoysomeadvantagesinthecostofstainlesssteelsmeltingwhentheygooutandinvestinconstruction.However,allstainlesssteelmillsinEuropecurrentlyuseelectricfurnacesforproduction.IfyougotoEuropetobuildaplant,theoverallcostistoohigh.Secondly,fromademandperspective,Europeanstainlesssteelproductionhasbeendecliningyearbyyear.Inaddition,duetotheimpactofthenewcrownepidemic,theEuropeaneconomyhasfallenintoadownturn,andthedemandsidehasremainedweak.Therefore,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingtoEuropetobuildfactoriesgenerallydoesnotexist.

　　3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?

　　Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.

　　FromthestandpointoftheEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanUnionhasnewopportunitiesinChina’sautomotive,consumerproducts,biomedicine,financialservices,andmedicalandhealthsectors,butmorelikelyitistheoutputinthetechnicalfield,whichhasabasicimpactontheproductionofthestainlesssteelindustry.No.

　　Insummary,ingeneral,the"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"doesnothaveanypositiveimpactonstainlesssteelandstainlesssteelcompaniesthemselves,butitmaybepositivefortheexportofstainlesssteelproducts.

　　中(zhōng)歐投資協定，對(dui)不鏽鋼行業影(ying)響幾何

　　2025年12月17日(ri)，中歐領導人共(gòng)同宣布完成中(zhong)歐全面投資🔞協(xie)議(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment），這是📞一個框(kuàng)架協議，旨在取(qǔ)代中國和歐盟(meng)成員國🌈現有的(de)雙😘邊投資條約(yue)，構建統一的中(zhong)歐雙邊投資制(zhi)度。

　　這一談判經(jing)曆了35輪磋商，前(qian)後持續超過7年(nián)，談判曾💛一度停(tíng)滞，近👈一年半内(nei)有所加快，終于(yu)在2020年年底完成(chéng)談判，這也是☎️繼(jì)區域全面經濟(jì)夥伴關系協定(ding)（RCEP）之後，中國♻️完成(chéng)的🧑🏾‍🤝‍🧑🏼另一個重大(da)對外開放舉措(cuo)，也是在多年的(de)逆🌈全球化進程(chéng)中，多邊主義取(qu)得的又一次🔞意(yi)義重大的勝利(lì)。

　　那麼，“中歐投資(zī)協定”談判的完(wan)成，對不鏽鋼行(háng)業會☔有影響嗎(ma)？

　　一、如果“中歐投(tou)資協定”達成，歐(ou)盟對中國還會(hui)有關稅壁壘✊麼(me)？

　　近年來，由于歐(ou)盟對中國大陸(lu)的不鏽鋼出口(kǒu)持續👄的反傾♉銷(xiao)，目前歐盟對中(zhong)國大陸不鏽鋼(gāng)的征收稅率高(gao)達20%以上，那麼，如(ru)果“中歐投資協(xie)定”達成，歐盟對(duì)中國還會有關(guan)稅壁壘麼？

　　首先(xiān)需要明确的是(shi)，“中歐投資協定(ding)”并不涉及關稅(shui)問💚題。其次，假設(she)“中歐投資協定(dìng)”對不鏽鋼出口(kǒu)有一定利好，主(zhǔ)要系不鏽鋼的(de)相關制成品，比(bi)如家電等等。但(dan)初步談判完成(chéng)，協議需進一步(bù)轉化成法律條(tiao)文，并經過歐洲(zhou)議會批準後才(cái)可生效。該過程(chéng)預計将在2021年下(xia)半年才可開始(shi)。

　　二、從歐洲開放(fàng)領域來看，“中歐(ōu)投資協定”對中(zhōng)國不鏽鋼企業(yè)走出去有何影(ying)響？

　　從相關資料(liao)顯示來看，中歐(ou)投資協定将鎖(suǒ)定現有的中國(guó)對歐投資市場(chǎng)準入權，同時确(que)保開放歐洲能(neng)源、農業、漁業、視(shì)聽、公共服務等(děng)敏感領域。此外(wai)，根據《服務貿易(yì)總協定》（GATS），歐盟将(jiang)在很大程度上(shang)開放服務行業(yè)。

　　站在中國立場(chǎng)，歐洲開放領域(yù)，為中國投資者(zhě)提供了更大的(de)進💋入歐盟能源(yuán)批發零售市場(chǎng)、可再生能源市(shi)場等領域的機(ji)會，帶動中國新(xīn)能源、汽車等相(xiang)關産業的出口(kǒu)貿易發🈲展。對于(yú)中國投🚶資者，該(gai)協議達成還意(yi)味着在歐📱盟有(you)更多潛在的投(tou)資機會，包括中(zhong)國有競争優勢(shì)的建築産業、電(diàn)信産業等等，屆(jie)💘時或許會拉動(dong)國内不鏽鋼需(xu)求。

　　但是從不鏽(xiù)鋼企業角度而(ér)言，國内不鏽鋼(gang)廠走出去在歐(ou)盟建廠的可能(néng)性微乎其微。由(you)于歐洲的廢鋼(gāng)積累量比較大(da)，中國不鏽鋼鋼(gāng)廠走出去投資(zī)建設，在不鏽鋼(gāng)冶煉成本👈上可(ke)能🈚會享有一些(xiē)優勢。但是目前(qián)歐洲的不鏽鋼(gang)鋼廠全部使用(yòng)電爐生産，若去(qu)歐洲建廠，整體(tǐ)成本過于高昂(áng)。其次，從需求角(jiao)度來講，歐洲本(běn)土🆚不鏽鋼生産(chǎn)逐年下降，加之(zhi)由于新冠疫情(qing)的影響，歐洲經(jīng)濟陷入低迷，需(xu)求端維持弱勢(shì)。因此，國内不鏽(xiu)鋼㊙️廠去歐洲建(jian)設工廠的可能(néng)性，總體而言不(bú)存在。

　　三、從中國(guó)開放領域來看(kan)，“中歐投資協定(ding)”對國内的不鏽(xiu)鋼企業有何影(yǐng)響？

　　在談判中，中(zhong)國答應進一步(bu)開放的領域包(bao)括制造業、汽車(che)、金融服務業、醫(yi)療健康、通訊/雲(yún)服務、計算機服(fú)務、國際海運、航(hang)空運輸、商業服(fu)務、環境服務等(deng)。目前，大約一半(ban)的歐盟對華直(zhí)接投資集中在(zai)制造業領域，如(rú)運輸和電信設(shè)備、化學品、健康(kang)設備等等。而汽(qì)車領域方面，中(zhong)國同意逐步取(qu)消合資企業要(yào)求，承諾新能源(yuán)汽車的市場準(zhun)入。此外，中國同(tong)意取消金融服(fú)務業及醫療健(jian)康領域中部分(fèn)行業的合資要(yào)求。

　　站在歐盟的(de)立場，歐盟在中(zhong)國的汽車、消費(fèi)品、生物醫藥、金(jin)融服務和醫療(liáo)衛生等衆多領(ling)域出現了新的(de)機遇，但更多的(de)可能是技術領(lǐng)域内的輸出，對(duì)不鏽鋼行業生(shēng)産的影響基本(běn)沒有。

　　綜上所述(shù)，總體而言，“中歐(ōu)投資協定”對不(bu)鏽鋼及不鏽鋼(gang)企業本身并沒(mei)有什麼利好的(de)影響，但對不鏽(xiù)鋼制成品的出(chū)口可能會是利(lì)好。